This is blog post is about my ancestral families in the Carolinas.
The Carolinas are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina, considered collectively. They are bordered by Virginia to the north, Tennessee to the west, and Georgia to the southwest. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east.
Combining North Carolina's population of 10,439,388 and South Carolina's of 5,118,425, the Carolinas have a collective population of 15,557,813 as of 2020. If the Carolinas were a single state of the United States, it would be the fifth-most populous state, behind California, Texas, Florida, and New York.
The Carolinas were known as the Province of Carolina during America's early colonial period, from 1663 to 1712. Prior to that, the land was considered part of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, from 1609 to 1663. The province, was named Carolina to honor King Charles I of England. Carolina is taken from the Latin word for "Charles", Carolus.
History[edit]
The region was claimed as part of the Spanish territory named La Florida by Ponce de Leon in 1513. Santa Elena, a Spanish settlement on what is now Parris Island, South Carolina, was the capital of La Florida from 1566 to 1587. It was founded by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, the first governor of Spanish Florida.[2][3] There had been a number of earlier attempts to establish colonies in the area by both the Spanish and the French, who had been inspired by earlier accounts of the plentiful land of Chicora.[4] Menéndez's Santa Elena settlement shifted the focus of Spanish colonial efforts northward from St. Augustine, which had been established in 1565 to drive the French from their colony of Fort Caroline. Santa Elena was ultimately built at the site of the abandoned French outpost of Charlesfort, founded in 1562 by Jean Ribault.
The establishment of Santa Elena followed the destruction of the French Fort Caroline by Menéndez in 1565. The Spanish settlement housed a sizeable community, and became the base of operations for the Jesuits and military working in the northern zone of Spanish Florida. From this base the Spanish founded a number of other ephemeral forts as far inland as the Appalachian Mountains, but resistance from local Native American tribes and the lack of interest of Spain in the area, caused these to be abandoned, relocated or destroyed. Santa Elena was ultimately abandoned in 1587, with its survivors relocating to St. Augustine. The Spanish never pressed their colonial claims to the area again, focusing on other areas of the American continent. The territory was thereafter left to the native Americans until October 30, 1629, when Charles I granted a patent to his attorney-general, Sir Robert Heath, for the lands south of 36 degrees and north of 31 degrees, "under the name, in honor of that king, of Carolana".[5]"[6] Carolus is Latin for 'Charles'. The charter was unrealized and later ruled invalid.
On March 24, 1663, Charles II issued a new charter to a group of eight English noblemen, granting them the land of Carolina, as a reward for their faithful support of his efforts to regain the throne of England. The eight were called Lords Proprietor or simply Proprietors. The 1663 charter granted the Lords Proprietor title to all of the land from the southern border of the Virginia Colony at 36 degrees north to 31 degrees north (along the coast of present-day Georgia).[7] The establishment of separate colonies did not officially occur until 1729, when seven of the Lords Proprietors sold their interests in Carolina to the Crown, and both North Carolina and South Carolina became royal colonies.
In 1665, the charter was revised slightly, with the northerly boundary extended to 36 degrees 30 minutes north to include the lands of the Albemarle Settlements along the Albemarle Sound, which had been settled mainly by Virginians migrating south. Likewise, the southern boundary was moved south to 29 degrees north, just south of present-day Daytona Beach, Florida, which had the effect of including the existing Spanish settlement at St. Augustine, an unenforceable overreach of English power. The charter also granted all the land, between these northerly and southerly bounds, from the Atlantic Ocean, westward to the shores of the Pacific Ocean, an even more unenforceable overreach.
Between 1663 and 1729 there were many disagreements relating to defense, governance and the difference between the two differing agrarian styles employed by the inhabitants of the Colony of Virginia and that practiced by the planters arriving to Charles Town from the West Indies and Barbados.
In 1729 the Province of Carolina was divided when the descendants of seven of the eight Lords Proprietors sold their shares back to the Crown. Only the heirs of Sir George Carteret retained their original rights to what would become the Granville District. Both the Province of North Carolina and the Province of South Carolina became British Crown Colonies in 1729.[8]
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), South Carolina was the first Southern state to secede from the Union,[9] while North Carolina was the second to last state to secede. South Carolina was generally one of the strongest supporters of the Confederacy. The war began in Charleston, South Carolina, where cadets of the South Carolina Military Academy, known as The Citadel, fired the opening shots at the Union Ship Star of the West.[10] North Carolina was also a key Confederate state, raising and supplying many regiments of soldiers to the Confederacy.[11] At Gettysburg, one in four Confederate soldiers was from North Carolina, despite the fact that some North Carolinians (especially in the western part of the state) refused to support the Confederacy.[12] North Carolina's Civil War governor, Zebulon Vance, was an outspoken critic of Confederate President Jefferson Davis and frequently refused to obey Davis's orders for reinforcements and supplies; Vance insisted the soldiers and supplies would be needed for North Carolina's Confederate effort. However, during the seven days' battles, North Carolina did send large numbers of troops for the general aid of the South as a whole.[13] The Carolinas were both instrumental in keeping the Confederacy alive, because of their deepwater ports in Wilmington and Charleston. These two cities were key in supplying Southern armies with weapons, clothing, and ammunition, and producing food and provisions for Southern civilians.[14][15]
A Unionist presence would persist throughout North Carolina during the Civil War, with North Carolina forming its own Union Army regiments. In South Carolina, there was no Union Army regiments formed due to a smaller unionist presence, although the Upstate region of the state was a haven for Confederate Army deserters and resisters, as they used the Upstate topography and traditional community relations to resist service in the Confederate ranks.[16]
Culture[edit]
The culture of the Carolinas is a distinct subset of larger Southern culture. Notably, the coastal Carolinas region was settled by Europeans over a century before the inland regions of the South.[17] There was a particular early influence of Caribbean culture, especially from the English colony of Barbados; in which many of the early governors during the unified period were from.[18]
Though the two states both make up part of the Southern United States, there are historically a number of differences in the settlement patterns, political development, and economic growth between North and South Carolina.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolinas
MY ANCESTRAL FAMILIES THAT LIVED IN THE CAROLINAS
people born in a county in the Carolinas has no birth place listed in parentheses
PATERNAL SIDE
Cross (from England) in Chowan and Gates counties in North Carolina
Elisha (b. 1750 in Virginia), Benjamin (1789)
Bethea (from England) in Chowan and Gates counties in North Carolina
Tristram (1710 in Virginia), Priscilla (1751)
Goodman (from England) in Chowan County, North Carolina
Henry (1700 b. in Virginia), Ann
Lee in Chowan County, North Carolina
Charity Priscilla (1701)
Kinsey (originally Kuenzli from Switzerland) in Craven County, North Carolina
Christian (b 1698 in Switzerland), John Ripley (b 1673 in Switzerland)
Turner in Halifax County, North Carolina and Marion County, South Carolina
John (b. 1730s or 1740s)
All of these families are on my African American paternal grandmother Mary Alice Gaines' side except for Turner which might be on my African American paternal grandfather Nolan Scott's side.
My paternal 3rd Great Grandfather James P. Cross was my only European American paternal 3rd Great Grandparent, and he was born on Orange Grove Plantation in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana.
All of my other paternal 3rd Great Grandparents were African American slaves in Louisiana.
My 3rd Great Grandfather James P. Cross was the son of English American plantation owner Benjamin Cross who was born in Gates County, North Carolina and 3/4 Acadian Anastasia Bourgeois who was born in Plattenville, Assumption Parish, Louisiana.
My 4th Great Grandfather Benjamin Cross was the son of Elisha Cross and Priscilla Bethea.
My 5th Great Grandfather Elisha Cross was the son of John Cross and Susannah Taylor.
My 5th Great Grandmother Priscilla Bethea was the daughter of Tristram Bethea and Ann Goodman.
My 6th Great Grandmother Ann Goodman was the daughter of Henry Goodman and Charity Priscilla Lee.
A woman that is the daughter of an African American man and a European American woman matches me on my European segment at the beginning of paternal Chromosome 1.
She is multiple 6th Great Granddaughter of our 6th Great Grandparents John Cross and Susannah Taylor on her mother's side, and so we're multiple times 7th Cousins.
She and I are 5th Great Grandchildren of Elisha Cross and Priscilla Bethea. Her 4th Great Grandmother Nancy Cross and my 4th Great Grandfather Benjamin Cross were siblings. Therefore, we're 6th Cousins.
She's a 5th Great Granddaughter of Elisha's brother Hardy Cross.
She's a 5th Great Granddaughter of Elisha's brother James Cross.
She's a 5th Great Granddaughter of Elisha's brother David Cross.
She's a 5th Great Granddaughter of Sarah Cross whose parentage is unknown, but she was born in Nansemond County, Virginia where all the other Crosses were born.
Kinsey ancestral family was discovered through DNA relative matches in connection to a European segment on Chromosome 6.
One of my enslaved African American paternal 3rd Great Grandparents on my paternal grandmother Mary Alice Gaines' side descended from this family.
John Ripley Kinsey was son of Christian Kuenzli and Mary Esther Ripley.
Turner ancestral family was discovered through DNA relative matches in connection to a predominantly Sub Saharan African segment with Filipino/Austronesian on Chromosome 9.
One of my enslaved African American 3rd Great Grandparents on my father Lawrence Nolan Scott's side descended from this family.
John Turner was the son of his English American owner Thomas Weathersbee and an African American slave. His wife Patience bought him from Thomas Weathersbee in 1769 in Halifax County, North Carolina. Patience was noted as being 1/4 black and that her mother was Rachel Smith and of Irish ancestry. John and Patience relocated to Marion County, South Carolina. Some of John and Patience's children married into European American families which led to many European American descendants with some of them showing up as my paternal DNA relative matches.
My paternal Aunt Carrie told me that she saw portrait of Grandma Mary's maternal grandfather James Cross and that he looked like an old white man. She even told me that he was white. His father James P. Cross was a European American, and his mother Laura Woods was an African American slave born in Virginia. She was married to Bonnie Barrow who was originally Chas Boney. He was mistakenly recorded as being white in 1870 Census. One of the grandchildren of 2nd Great Grandpa James' maternal half brother Charles Valentine Barrow told me that the Barrows were of African, European, and Choctaw ancestry. She told me that Bonnie was born in Lafourche Parish and that 3rd Great Grandma Laura migrated to a Native American reservation.
Aunt Carrie told me that she saw pictures of some of the siblings of Grandma Mary's father Lawrence Gaines. She said that some of them were half-white looking. One of them was named Pinky, and Aunt Carrie told me that Pinky was given her name because of her skin color. Great Grandpa Lawrence's brother Clarence was mistakenly recorded as being white in 1910 Census. Great Grandpa Lawrence's parents were Willis Gaines and Jeanette Riley. Edward Riley was Jeanette's father, and he was recorded as being born in South Carolina in the 1880 Census.
My paternal grandfather Nolan Scott was the son of Ivory Scott and Carrie Johnson. All three of them were born in Lafourche Parish. Great Grandpa Ivory's parents were William Scott (originally Daigle) and Maria Lilly, and they were born in Assumption Parish. Maria's parents were Patrick Lilly and Margaret Caldwell. Margaret's parents were Robert Caldwell who was born in North Carolina and Sarah Lewis who was born in Tennessee. Sarah Lewis' mother Nellie was born in North Carolina. 2nd Great Grandma Maria's sister Elizabeth was recorded as being mulatto in 1910 Census.
MATERNAL SIDE
Gilliam (from England) in Orange County, North Carolina
Edmund (b. 1723 in Virginia)
Hartle (from Germany) in Lincoln County, North Carolina
Peter (b 1750 in Germany)
Niswonger (originally Neuschwanger from Switzerland) in Lincoln County, North Carolina
Joseph Sr (b 1749 in Pennsylvania), Joseph Jr (b 1787)
Statler (originally Stadler from Germany)
Hans Peter (b 1736 in Pennsylvania), Eva Katherine (b 1759 in Pennsylvania)
Masters (originally Meister from Germany) in Burke and Lincoln counties in North Carolina
Henry Hille (b 1720 in Germany) Nicholas Jacob (b 1740) , Elizabeth (b 1780)
Dice in unknown county, North Carolina
Catherine J (b 1720)
Clubb (originally Klopp from Germany) in Lincoln County, North Carolina
Johann Peter (b 1716 in Germany), Elizabeth (b 1745 in Pennsylvania)
Kilpatrick (from Scotland) in Orange and Rutherford counties in North Carolina
Joseph William (b 1700 in Scotland) , Hugh (b 1740), Andrew T (b 1785), Jane Malinda (b 1817)
McClure (from Ulster, Ireland) in Rutherford County, North Carolina
John Thomas (b 1719), Martha (b 1753)
Fleming in unknown county, North Carolina
Jane (b 1728)
Copeland (from Down, Ireland) in Spartanburg County, South Carolina
Charles (b. in Ireland), Alexander (b 1754 in Ireland), Mary Ann (1788)
Gwin in Warren County, North Carolina
William (1750 unknown) , Elias (1783)
Childres (from England) in Warren County, North Carolina
Nanney (1764 unknown)
All the listed maternal families are on my European American maternal grandmother Beverly Floy Walker's side
Edmund Gilliam was my maternal 8th Great Grandfather, and his parents were Charles Gilliam and Mary Jones.
My maternal 4th Great Grandfather Peter Francis Hartle was the son of George Hartle and Mary Ann Niswonger.
My 5th Great Grandfather George Hartle was the son of Peter Hartle and Elizabeth Masters.
My 6th Great Grandmother Elizabeth Masters was the daughter of Nicholas Jacob Masters and Elizabeth Clubb .
My 7th Great Grandfather Nicholas Jacob Masters was the son of Henry Hille Masters and Catherine J. Dice.
My 7th Great Grandmother Elizabeth Clubb was the daughter of Peter Clubb and Anna Margaretha Kuerten.
My 5th Great Grandmother Mary Ann Niswonger was daughter of Joseph Niswonger Jr and Catherine Limbaugh.
My 6th Great Grandfather Joseph Niswonger Jr was the son of Joseph Niswonger Sr and Eva Katharina Statler.
My 7th Great Grandmother Eva Katharina Statler was daughter of Hans Peter Statler and Anne Catherine Hallwein.
My maternal 5th Great Grandmother Jane Malinda Kilpatrick was daughter of Andrew T. Kilpatrick and Mary Ann Copeland.
My 6th Great Grandfather Andrew T. Kilpatrick was son of Hugh Kilpatrick and Martha McClure.
My 7th Great Grandfather Hugh Kilpatrick was son of Joseph William Kilpatrick and Mary Jane Hunter.
My 7th Great Grandmother Martha McClure was daughter of John Thomas McClure and Jane Fleming.
My 6th Great Grandmother Mary Ann Copeland was daughter of Alexander Copeland and Rebecca Gilmore.
My maternal 6th Great Grandfather Elias Gwin was the son of William Gwin and Nanney Childres.
He was father of my maternal 5th Great Grandfather William Gwin who married my 5th Great Grandmother Jane Malinda Kilpatrick.
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